Evidence-Based Practices For Youth Offenders - 1343 Words

The National Registry for Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP), which is preserved by the United States’ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), provide a list of all evidence-based practices that are beneficial for youth offenders (SAMHSA, 2017). Per SAMHSA (2017), between 50-70 percent of the youth in the juvenile justice system, have a mental disorder and up to 60 percent have been diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SAMHSA, 2017). Of those youth with dual diagnosis, approximately 30 percent have lost the ability to function as a result of their disorder (SAMHSA, 2017). Therefore, to determine the best treatment plan for youth offenders, evidence-based practices focus on the importance of†¦show more content†¦Therefore, numerous interventions have been designed to address and redirect specific behaviors of delinquent youth who are at-risk for recidivism or who have been incarcerated and are facing greater involvement within the juvenile justice system (Youth.Gov, 2017). More importantly, not every intervention works with every youth offender. The key is to focus on each youth as an individual and not as a population. The utilization of evidence based programs have proven to have positive outcomes for youth such as; reduced anxieties, and depression, academic success, support systems and skills for employment. Characteristically, juvenile delinquency follows a route comparable to that of usual adolescent development. Delinquent behavior is a path followed and not just something that children randomly engage in and therefore, through the understanding of the developmental paths of at-risk youth, researchers believe that early interventions can help to increase positive outcomes (Youth.Gov, 2017). Evidence -Based Practice Functional family therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) for high-risk youth that concentrates on multifaceted and multidimensional issues through a practice that is validated by research, culturally diverse, and submissively structured (Robbins, 2016). Furthermore, the FFT program’s goal is to increase protective factors while decreasing the risk factors that have a direct impact on youth offenders (CrimeSolutions.Gov, 2011).Show MoreRelatedTraum Trauma And Its Effects On Mental Health1141 Words   |  5 PagesTrauma-informed Care Trauma-informed Care involves identifying youth with trauma by assessments and treating trauma through cognitive behavioral treatment models.8 Juvenile prevention and re-injury programs look to routinely screen for trauma exposure, the programs use culturally appropriate evidence-based assessment and treatment for traumatic stress and associated mental health symptoms; and make resources available to children, families, and providers on trauma exposure, its impact, and treatmentRead MoreYCJA841 Words   |  4 PagesResponsivity Referring to aspects from Goldson and Muncie’s (2006) article on â€Å"a youth justice with integrity† (pp. 99-102), the essay will argue that section 38 of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) should incorporate a risk-needs responsivity model (RNR) to the sentencing structure. Moreover, this addition should replace the 2012 amendments of section 38, which incorporated deterrence and denunciation into sentencing practices (s. 38(2)(f)). This amendment has the potential to increase recidivism ratesRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 Pagesprogram to address those disabilities, which is an approach all juvenile detention centers should take (Foster, Williamson, and Buchannon, 2004). Psychological disabilities are very common in detention centers and suicide rates for incarcerated youth are two to four times higher than in the community at large (Abram 2008). Conditions linked with imprisonment, such as solitary confinement, crowding, and separation from friends and family can increase the risk of suicidal behavior (Abram 2008).Read MoreChild Justice Act : Child And Youth Care Centers Or Prisons929 Words   |  4 PagesIn South Africa, there are two avenues for residential youth confinement: child and youth care centers or prisons. The former provides support services for youth with varying needs such as children with substance abuse problems, children living in overcrowded homes and so on. This is as a temporary measure and is only advocated as a measure of last resort. In prisons, a child under the age of 14 is ineligible to serve a prison sentence and can only serve the minimum amount of time as deemed necessaryRead MoreThe Issue Of Juvenile Internment1606 Words   |  7 Pagesoffenders and toward the kids teetering on the edge, the ones for whom violence and arrest, addiction or death, are clearly in the cards, but still-perhaps-avoidable, (Humes 232). How can a child’s right to liberty, her parent’s right to act as guardian and the states interest to prevent crime be balanced with regard to status offenses. Although the original parens patriae stressed individual rehabilitation, primitive psychological knowledge combined with a concern of external scrutiny left mostRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Treatment : Description And Fundamental Principles1452 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior at this stage in their life will not necessarily follow them into adulthood. For this reason, rehabilitation has a particular appeal in reference to dealing with juvenile offenders (Treatment Programs for Juvenile Delinquents, 1999). When determining what kind of treatment is appropriate for juvenile offenders, it is crucial to identify his or her delinquency type. There are four basic types of delinquents: neurotic disturbed, un-socialized psychopathic, subcultural socialized, and inadequateRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Complex1201 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung offenders, by providing mental health, or addiction rehabs for those that are in need of it rather than locking them up. This not only helps keep the amount of juveniles down but also can be a preventative in recidivism. Some believe that juveniles should be punished by the same laws that apply to the adult offenders while others look to rehabilitation rather than incarceration. Policyholders are now looking at â€Å"evidence-based models that demonstrate in handling the juvenile offenders† (SchmallegerRead MoreHealth Outcomes1611 Words   |  7 Pagesparent’s religious practices (The Heritage Foundation, 2011). Children are born into a complex environment which can have negative and positive effects on their health (Rigby ump; Kohler, 2002). Many services such as the Center for Adolescent Services, the Ounce of Prevention, Care Source and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are available to promote, protect, and address specific child health population problems. Measuring the health of children is important because the youth are citizens thatRead MoreJuvenile Rights1125 Words   |  5 Pagesjuveniles as compared to adult offenders, I will discuss a juveniles rights at the time of arrest, and my opinion on whether or not the additional protections afforded to juveniles serve the purposes of social and criminal justice. Juveniles have rights when they are arrested, however some of them differ then the rights adults have. â€Å"The first encounter a youth has with the juvenile justice system is usually his or her arrest by a law enforcement official. Other ways that youth enter the system includeRead MoreLegal - Discretion in the Legal System Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the role of discretion in the criminal justice system. As a society we believe that offenders should be held accountable for their actions but also treated fairly in the criminal investigation, trial process and sentencing. As a result of this, the power of discretion, that is the ability to choose from a range of options, is granted to some authorities ensure some flexibility for decision making within the system, enabling a more holistic outcome for all parties involved. The issues

Leadership and Motivation Essay - 1320 Words

In this essay I will set upon doing the following two questions: 1) Explain in detail one of the theories of motivation and assess its value in the current business environment 2) Explain one of the contingency theories of leadership. 1) The one theory of motivation that I will be explaining in the first question is Abraham Maslow’s needs hierarchy; some may call it his content theory of motivation aswell. The theory was based around nine needs that Maslow found out through research that effected people motivation in work. The nine different needs are listed below. 1) Biological needs: These are basic needs for human life to survive, for example the need for food water rest an oxygen 2) Safety needs: These are needs for the†¦show more content†¦These are the needs that are required by every employee and they are also the easiest for the organisation to provide. The top need is the desire for self-actualization; this is also the hardest need to provide for the employee. Maslow’s thoughts were that self-actualized people are rare. Maslow’s theory is very popular among HR departments in companies across the world; however many feel that the theory has flaws aswell. It would be very rare for people at any given time to be striving for the same need. This would be a problem for the manager, how would he/she provide all the different motivators at the one time to cater to the needs of their staff. The hierarchical structure of the needs may not be correct for every individual aswell, they may not feel has if one need dominates all the others. Humans will have mixed emotions and needs, the may require more than one need being fulfilled at one time . All people aswell do not satisfy there higher-order needs just through work, many my find this through hobbies and different activities they do outside of work. It also does not take into account that different situations can affect these needs; it is maybe not as simple as the hierarchy makes it out to be. â€Å"The simplicity of the hierarchy does not reflect the reality that behaviour in the real world is shaped by situational pressures and controls that are often beyond a person’s individual control† (ManagementShow MoreRelatedLeadership : Leadership And Motivation1867 Words   |  8 Pages LEADERSHIP BY: BENJAMIN CORONA LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION MGMT312 AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY 2/21/2017 Leadership can be viewed as many different things whether it be a trait, skill, or something that someone may just be born with. One thing for certain is that whether you have this characteristic or not, we will always need leadership figures. Some people are just followers their whole life and don’t get the chance to be leaders. Leaders come in many different forms, approaches andRead MoreLeadership Notes On Leadership And Motivation1314 Words   |  6 PagesModule 2 Leadership Motivation 4th June 2015 Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 2 My Leadership Map †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 3 Leadership Practice †¦........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 3 Leadership v Management ............................................................................................... Page 4 Effective Leadership Characteristics .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 4 Leadership Development ...Read MoreMotivation and Leadership Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation and Leadership are intrinsically linked in the fact that one allows an easement in the process of the other. Without the ability to use the mutual relationship of leadership to influence the motivators of followers, leaders stagnate and are limited by their own inability to accomplish all that must be for real change to occur. In less Rostonian terms (that is, based on Rost (1993)), without a motivated group of followers leaders are stranded and not achieving to a level of excellence.Read MoreLeadership Styles and Motivation1140 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: JUDGING LEADERS Teresa King Name of Student School Abstract There are 5 major leadership styles for various organizations. A military organization is known for its unbending adherence to order and regimen. This should not be compromised in the exercise of military function. 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Many people come forward as a leader, but only few of them can lead and show others the right path. The chapters in the book talks about leadership, inspiration and motivation. The book starts with how can anyone be a leader by following a pattern. Inspiring others is not a hard job as it can be done through with the help of little discipline. As, the stories go on in the book it further discusses aboutRead MoreLeadership Is The Strongest Effect On Creativity, Motivation, And Motivation Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is individual who help in creating and achieving shared goals. Some compel other drive from the groups. Leadership is social affiliation of three constituent leaders, followers and the context (Nye, 2010). Leadership is the ability to move a group towards a common goal. Leadership is an activity, by which one can stimulate others to work in order to achieve a given goal (Val Kemp, 2013). Leadership styles can be generally divided into positive, negative and neutral. Negative style hasRead MoreLeadership - Motivation and Performance765 Words   |  4 Page sThe Expectancy Theory of Motivation explains the factors or the levels of which employees are motivated. There is a direct correlation of an employee’s trend to act in a scenario is dependent on the expectation the act will render. There are three key components and relationships in the expectancy theory. Effort-performance, Performance-reward, and Rewards-personal goals relationship are the three factors that define this correlation. These three will be discussed in detail accompanied by a proposedRead MoreLeadership And Motivation Theory Connection1251 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Motivation Theory Connection The Army defines leadership as influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization (Schoomaker, 2007). The leaders in an organization use leadership styles that range from Charismatic to Transformational to motivate their subordinates to execute each task at a high level. They also use individual and organizational goals to establish an emotional connection between theRead MoreEssay about Leadership and Motivation966 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study: Leadership amp; Motivation Styles for Mr. James Winthrope By: Celestina Trujillo HCM 2004 SO1 South University Online January 14, 2013 Contents Based on the different styles of leadership, which style would be most appropriate to address the issue with the ES employees?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 How should leaders and managers address workplace issues based on specific styles of leadership? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....3 What intrinsic and extrinsic rewards

Drawing the Line History of Political Cartooning in Kenya Essay Example For Students

Drawing the Line: History of Political Cartooning in Kenya Essay Though cartooning as a medium of communication and expression is a relatively new phenomenon in Kenya, many a newspaper reader has become so addicted to editorial and thematic cartoon strips that a newspaper without either is not considered a worthy buy. Messages that cannot be conveyed in overdo for sensitivity, political correctness or prejudice are effectively communicated through cartoons. In a nutshell, cartoons have become the sugar coating for the bitter but necessary message. We appreciate the now settled role Of cartoons and their creators as the latter day conscience of the nation. Kudos to the Association of East African Cartoonist (CATKIN) for amortizing the history Of cartoons in the Mitten word! Let this initiative be not a seasonal oasis in a desert of information butt modest beginning of what will be a vast ocean of Satanist message for present and future generations. 7 Background A Brief History of Political Cartoons Knife-edged and salient, there is no simpler or more effective form of journalism than the editorial or political cartoon. The message ? usually critical is instantaneous, and often funny. Political cartoons (from cartoon, the Italian word for pasteboard. ) are for the most part composed of two elements caricature, which parodies the individual, and allusion, which creates the situation or context into which the individual is placed. Caricature as a Western discipline goes back to Leonardo dad Vines artistic explorations of the ideal type of deformity? the grotesque? which he used to better understand the concept of ideal beauty. Over time, the principles of form established in part by Leonardo had become so ingrained into the method of portraiture that artists like Agitation and Enabled Accuracy rebelled against them. Intended to be lighthearted satires, their caricatures were, in essence, counter-art. K The Italian masters used pasteboard for rough drawings (cartoon), Which were especially useful in preparing frescoes and tapestries. The word did not come to mean an amusing sketch until the asses when Prince Albert, Who wanted to decorate the walls Of the Drawing the Line new Houses of Parliament in London with frescoes, opened a competition for their design. The cartoons for the frescoes, some of them absurd in their attempts to appear heroic, were exhibited in 1843 and parodied shortly thereafter in the English gazing Punch, thus earning the word its present meaning. The sketch of A Captain of Pope Urban VIII is representative tooth new genre in that it is a quick, impressionistic drawing that exaggerates prominent physical characteristics to humorous effect. At its best, it brings out the subjects inner self in a kind of physiological satire and seems to be a comment on some facet of the Captains masculinity. Caricatures became popular with collectors, but they perceived the fanciful exercises as curiosities rather than viable artistic productions. As a result, they were not displayed publicly and so one of he earliest modes of graphic satire remained in the parlous and drawing room. While caricature originated around the Mediterranean, cartoons of a more editorial nature developed in a chillier climate. The Protestant Reformation began in Germany, and made extensive use of visual propaganda; the success of both Martin Lathers socio-religious reforms and the discipline Of political cartooning depended on a level of civilization neither too primitive nor too advanced. A merchant class had emerged to occupy positions Of leadership Within the growing villages and towns, which meant that a core of people existed who loud respond 9 Drawing the Line to Lathers invectives and be economically capable of resisting the all-powerful Catholic Church. With regard to the physical requirements of graphic art, both woodcutting and metal engraving had become established trades, with many artists and draughtsman sympathetic to the cause. Finally, the factor which probably influenced the rise of cartoons more than any other cultural condition was a high illiteracy rate. Luther recognized that the support of an increasingly more powerful middle class was crucial to the success to his retorts, but in order to lead a truly popular movement he would need the sheer weight of the peasantry numbers. The distribution of simple broadsheet posters or illustrated pamphlets throughout population centers proved to be an effective strategy because the images would reach a large amount of people and enjoy the greatest possible amount of comprehension. As Barry Burden, assistant professor of government at Harvard university, puts it, Satire was once the way for illiterate people to make sense of what was going on in politics? An excellent example of Luther use of visual protest is found in two woodcuts from the pamphlet Passion Christi undo 10 Drawing the Line Antichrists, originally drawn by Lucas Crane the Elder. These images contrast the actions of Jesus with those of the Church hierarchy. The hegemony Of religion at the time ensured that when someone drew a Biblical episode like that of Jesus driving the moneychangers out of the Temple, everyone would recognize it. The artist juxtaposed the first scene With a contemporary tableau that many people would also understand: the Pope writes indulgences while common folk pay their hard earned money in tribute. The two pictures clearly intend to raise public consciousness by illustrating the premise that changes must be made within the Church for life to ever become more Christie. Passion Christi undo Antichrists also demonstrates the artists use of the second element of political cartoons the context of a widely-recognized story or setting? to get his point across. As time went on, Germanic art assimilated the Italian caricature and established the conventions practiced on a wide basis by cartoonists of the 18th Century, The cartoon became a subst antial medium of commentary which took serious issues and presented them in a manner which as not only amusing, II Drawing the Line and therefore more socially acceptable, but also designed to affect the viewers opinion. As Western culture diversified from its original religious foundation, new subjects became available for discussion and subsequent ridicule; as such the appeal and influence of cartoons on public life grew in proportion. The American political cartoon avgas born in Philadelphia. This is sometimes credited to Benjamin Franklin for his famed Join or Die of 1974, showing a severed snake, its separate parts labeled as colonies. But four copperplate images, a 1764- 5 series, are considered the true beginning of the tradition in their comic-but- cutting depiction Of a political event, and particularly, Of Franklin himself. The series inflamed tempers during the 1764 elections and ultimately cost Franklin his seat in the Pennsylvania Assembly, the only election he was ever to lose. In the 18th Century the cartoonists of England, Russia, Germany, Spain, and the Limited States generally declared satirical war on Napoleon, and so effective were they that Napoleon sent notes to the government of England requesting their suppression, equating them with murderers. By the mid-19th century, editorial cartoons had become regular 12 Drawing the Line features in American newspapers, and were soon followed by sports cartoons and humorous cartoons. The effect to political cartoons on public opinion was amply demonstrated with the demise of William Tweed, a New York politician in the asses, largely caused by the attention paid to him by cartoonist Thomas NASA. Tweeds exasperated response speaks to the power of Annas cartoons, He demanded to his henchmen,Stop them damned pictures. I dont care what the papers write about me. My constituents cant read But, damn it, they can see pictures! In the 20th Century, the influence of cartoons was such that Hitler and Stalin surrounded themselves with large groups of pocket cartoonists who praised them extravagantly. They also destroyed or exiled scratch)NIST critical of them. During the Battle for Britain Englishman David Low, considered the centuries greatest cartoonist, was put on Hitless death list. In recent years, 29 countries have jailed or otherwise punished newspaper cartoonists, according to the Cartoonist Relief Network which is dedicated to the protection of the rights editorial cartoonists. The role of cartoonists As we have seen, for half a millennium cartoonists have exposed abuses of power, the corruption of government and the hypocrisy of society. Drawing the Color Line - Background Information EssayUnlike Juju Caulk Which never cared for social issues or politics, Joe did not shy away from the political. The realism foes was infectious; he almost had a life of his own. Unlike characters in Other cartoons, Who are Obviously fictional, Joe gave the impression that he was a next-door neighbor. If something affected ordinary people, Joe could be depended upon to speak on your behalf, and chances were that his views would pretty much represent what you would have said. Though the magazine ran for only about three years, Joe provided the inspiration for many of the cartoonists who followed. Besides serving as a role model, Hirsh unlocked the potential of cartoons to discuss any issue. When the magazine ceased publication, it was as if the country had lost a national celebrity. Nearly a quarter to a century later, Joe is still remembered fondly on Nairobi streets. 21 Drawing Owning later founded the weekly Nairobi Times newspaper (later to be sold to KANE and re-christened Kenya Times), issued every Sunday, and The Weekly Review, a weekly news magazine issued every Friday. Nairobi Times became a launch pad for budding cartoonists. After the collapse of Joe, Hirsh was seldom heard of in the cartoon world. Resident goring Cartoonists The cartoonists Who immediately followed Joe were from outside Kenya. Three were particularly influential: Tanzania Philip Underground, Uganda James Turpentine and Ghanaian Prank Dodo. Underground joined Kenya Times in 1983, where he introduced Kibitzer, which became a hit With readers as a social comic strip. Kibitzer literally means Of no use and the main character spent time essentially living up to the title. The strip connected to the social issues that had been Hirers forte. Sadly, Underground died in March 1986 at only 24. James Tummies, an agricultural economist, joined the Daily Nation where, besides drawing political cartoons, he wrote humor. When Hilary Owens founded Nairobi Times 22 Drawing the Line Tummies became an economics correspondent and later business editor; he continued with the paper even after KANE acquired it in 1982 and changed the name to Kenya Times. At the Times Tummies drew cartoons as well. One of his most popular characters was Bogie Bends who is probably best described as an African Andy Cap. Tummies published two comic hooks while still in Kenya. In 1986, he moved back to Uganda where he has been involved in many pursuits including serving in the Uganda cabinet, Kibitzer and Bogie Bends, while providing continuity and acting as an important bridge, still pale in comparison tit the robust environment that Hirsh set in Joe. Ghanaian born Prank Dodo started drawing political cartoons for the Nation in 1973. Dodo, who now produces a series of weekly comic strips, is one of the most socially and politically conscious, and longest active cartoonists on the Kenya scene. His characters tend to be much more mature and his themes more complex, reflective and intended for adult readership, particularly in the comic strips, The Mermaid of Motorboat and Galoot. His Other columns include Khan, Radii, 23 Drawing Living World, Checkmate, and Apex. Dodos work has been published broadly in the Nordic countries and throughout Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Like Hirsh, Dodo, Tummies and Underground have served as role models for later Kenya cartoonists. Local Cartoonists About the same time Dodo was working at the Daily Nation, local cartoonists begun to make their presence felt. One of the first was Kiosks Karri whose work was published in the East African Standard. However, Kiosks was to remain largely a commentator on social subjects. Paul Maid Killable was the first indigenous political cartoonist to reach national prominence. Maid owned the Nation in 1986 as the countrys first full time staff editorial cartoonist. Prior to that, he had been caricaturing for in-house magazines and publications in Mambas on the Kenya Coast. At the Nation, Maid was primarily an pop-De cartoonist focusing on political and social issues. According to Sunday Nation editor John Agenda, Maddox 24 Drawing the Line naughty as ever. He provides the clearest connection to Hirsh, as his cartoons and themes have a remarkable semblance to those in Joe. During the Vass when the first local editorial Cartoons were printed in the local dailies, the revealing political climate discouraged cartoonists from exploring sensitive subjects. For example, While one could caricature ministers and provincial commissioners, cartooning the President was out of the question, at least in the formal media. There were such drawings in the informal publications but these were largely underground papers with limited circulation, such as the clandestine press of the University of Nairobi. With the agitation for political change in the late asses and early asses, cartoonists became bolder and Maid is credited with being the first to caricature the then President Daniel Rap Mom. Though the presidential caricature has since become commonplace in Kenya cartoons, back then it was revolutionary. As newspapers recognized the important contribution cartoonists could make, more opportunities opened up. James Sham Kumara was hired as the main editorial cartoonist 25 Drawing for Kenya Times, after which, he worked briefly, still as a cartoonist, for the East African Chronicles, before settling in at the Standard. When Maid moved to the Standard, Tanzania Goodbye Goad Mamboed replaced him at the Nation and was to become one of Africans most internationally celebrated cartoonists. Goads works have appeared in a number of publications such as New African in the (J; Courier International and El Monde both in France; the Financial Mail and New Nation both in South Africa; Washington Times, Des Standard of Belgium, and Japan Times. Today, most local dailies have more than one staff cartoonist on their payrolls. Error example, the Nation has a pool of six cartoonists. The editorial cartoon is a permanent feature of editorial pages and the popularity of the composite cartoon commentary pioneered by Mads Its a Maid Maid World is testimony to local cartoonists talents as social and political commentators. The Challenges of Cartooning One of the challenges that Kenya cartoonists face is finding sufficient media through which to expose their work and exploit their talent. With only four newspapers, of which only two, the Nation and the East African Standard are truly mass newspapers, the challenge for any budding cartoonist is formidable. Although the other two dailies, Kenya Times and People, are also mass oriented, their combined circulation is still less than that of the Standard. The two main dailies can use only a limited number of cartoonists. At the moment, the Nation Group has about six cartoonists but only a few of them publish regularly. Hardly any of the countrys numerous magazines use cartoons. The efforts by Communication Artists Limited (CAL), a company founded by four of the leading scratch)NIST, have led to the launching of several cartoon-based publications including The African Illustrated, and Penknife, all of which have ceased publication after a limited number of issues. Penknife though has been resurrected as an insert in the Sunday Standard). Kenya cartoonists hue an identity crisis ? whether they are 27 Drawing the Line an independent profession or part of journalism. Though they definitely insider themselves journalists and, according to its Secretary-General Ezekiel Mutual, are recognized as such by the Kenya Union of Journalists, they feel that the specific title of Cartoonist is not well regarded. The problem that figures topmost in cartoonists minds. Is that of editorial censorship. Paul Maid Killable is concerned that editors will Water down cartoon commentary development and push it back to where it was at the outset thirty years ago. Though Kenya cartoonists nowadays enjoy a relatively large degree of freedom and the fact that no cartoonist has been charged or sued in court is testimony o this, they are alert to any developments that may endanger this treated.

Questioning the Message free essay sample

An in-depth look at critical thinking and how we should not just assume things from statistics or accept things at face value. In this paper the author looks at the concept of critical thinking. He examines the world of academia, which he suggests is saturated with ideas, assumptions and statistics. He suggests that many educators strive to teach the skills to utilize these ideas, assumptions and statistics in both a scholarly context and in real life situations. He then contends that to assume that critical thinking skills are so easily transferable is far more complex. With this in mind he moves on to look at Stephen Jay Goulds essay, The Median Isnt the Message, in which he suggests that Gould describes the difficulties of taking statistics and academic studies out of context. Gould does this by referring to a time when he was diagnosed with a disease and how easily he could have been misled by the statistics had he chosen not to use his own critical thinking. We will write a custom essay sample on Questioning the Message or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the paper: Gould points out these personal experiences to send a message to his readers. Generally one does not relate such personal details of ones life to simply prove some academic concept. Gould wants his readers to take his experience and apply it. He tells the reader through his own account, to question everything, especially statistics. Humans have a tendency to hear statistics and interpret them without questioning what is really being said.

Free Essays on Jeanette Rankin

Who were the three black forces in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century? The three major forces behind the Blacks’ position in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century consisted of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey. They were the most effective of all of the different activists of the time. They each came from different times and different places. They were also all brought up differently while they were young. They were all about 10 years apart from each other. Here is their story. Booker T. Washington was the first to emerge. He was born into slavery on April 5, 1856 in the state of Virginia. (Notes, 1) After the Emancipation Proclamation his mother had taken him and two other children to the state of West Virginia. (Amer. Jour., 571) After leaving, he and his family had started working in Coal and Salt mines. (Notes, 1) He was at the age of nine when he first started working in the mines. The hours were long and hard. He went back to Virginia to go to school. (Amer. Jour., 571) He enrolled in Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. (Amer. Jour., 571) He worked as a Janitor while attending. (Notes, 1) It was the premier black educations institution in the South at the current time. (Amer. Jour., 571) He worked hard to get through the school and graduated. He taught for three years and then founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. It was for black students in rural Alabama. (Amer. Jour., 571) His thoughts were that all students would be b! est served if they learned a trade and become work place disciplined. (Amer. Jour., 571) With a trade he believed that black people would develop more self-respect and economic independence. (Amer. Jour., 571) Another African-American Leader was W.E.B. DuBois. He was born in Massachusetts in February of 1868. He did not accept Washington’s view of black social inequality. He was the first African-American to graduate from Harv... Free Essays on Jeanette Rankin Free Essays on Jeanette Rankin Who were the three black forces in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century? The three major forces behind the Blacks’ position in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century consisted of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey. They were the most effective of all of the different activists of the time. They each came from different times and different places. They were also all brought up differently while they were young. They were all about 10 years apart from each other. Here is their story. Booker T. Washington was the first to emerge. He was born into slavery on April 5, 1856 in the state of Virginia. (Notes, 1) After the Emancipation Proclamation his mother had taken him and two other children to the state of West Virginia. (Amer. Jour., 571) After leaving, he and his family had started working in Coal and Salt mines. (Notes, 1) He was at the age of nine when he first started working in the mines. The hours were long and hard. He went back to Virginia to go to school. (Amer. Jour., 571) He enrolled in Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. (Amer. Jour., 571) He worked as a Janitor while attending. (Notes, 1) It was the premier black educations institution in the South at the current time. (Amer. Jour., 571) He worked hard to get through the school and graduated. He taught for three years and then founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. It was for black students in rural Alabama. (Amer. Jour., 571) His thoughts were that all students would be b! est served if they learned a trade and become work place disciplined. (Amer. Jour., 571) With a trade he believed that black people would develop more self-respect and economic independence. (Amer. Jour., 571) Another African-American Leader was W.E.B. DuBois. He was born in Massachusetts in February of 1868. He did not accept Washington’s view of black social inequality. He was the first African-American to graduate from Harv...

Lightning Warning Signs You Shouldnt Ignore

Lightning Warning Signs You Shouldnt Ignore Nothing ruins a summer cookout, dip in the pool, or  camping trip  like a thunderstorm. If you are outdoors when a thunderstorm rolls up, it can be tempting  to stall as long as possible before going indoors. But how do you know when its time to stop what youre doing  and head inside? Keep a lookout for certain signs; theyll  warn you when its time to seek shelter indoors and when  lightning  may be about to strike. Signs of Lightning Cloud-to-ground lightning is nearby if you notice one or more of these early signs. Seek shelter immediately to reduce the risk of lightning injury or even death. A rapidly growing cumulonimbus cloud. Although cumulonimbus clouds appear  bright white and  form in sunny  skies,  dont be fooled- theyre the beginning stage of a developing thunderstorm. If you notice them growing taller and taller in the sky, you can rest assured that a storm is in the making and headed your way.Increasing winds  and a darkening sky.  These are telltale signs of an approaching storm.Audible thunder.  Thunder is the sound created by lightning, so if thunder can be heard, lightning is near. You can determine how near (in miles) by counting the number of seconds between a flash of lightning and a thunderclap and dividing that number by five.A severe thunderstorm warning.  The National Weather Service issues a severe thunderstorm warning whenever severe storms have been detected on weather radar  or confirmed by storm spotters. Cloud-to-ground lightning is often the  main threat of such storms. Lightning always occurs during thunderstorms, but it isnt necessary for a storm to be directly overhead for you  to be in danger of a lightning strike. The threat of lightning actually starts  as a thunderstorm approaches, peaks when the storm is overhead, and then gradually diminishes as the storm moves away. Where to Seek Shelter At the first sign of approaching lightning, you should quickly seek shelter, ideally in an enclosed building or other structure, away from windows. If youre at home, you may want to retreat to a central room or closet. If you cannot find shelter inside, the next best option is a vehicle with all of the windows rolled up. If for whatever reason, you are stuck outside, you should make sure to stand away from trees and other tall objects. Keep away from water and anything that is wet, as water is a strong conductor of electricity. Signs of an Immediate Strike When lightning strikes you or the area immediately nearby, you may experience one or more of these warning signs a few seconds beforehand. Hair standing  on endTingling skinA metallic taste in your mouthThe smell of chlorine  (this is ozone, which is produced when nitrogen oxides from lightning interact with other chemicals and sunlight)Sweaty palmsA vibrating, buzzing, or crackling sound coming from metal objects around you If you notice any of these signs, it may be too late to avoid being struck and possibly injured or killed. However,  if you find that you do have time to react, you should run as fast as you can to a safer location. Running limits the amount of time that both of your feet are on the ground at any given  moment, reducing the threat from ground current (lightning that travels outward from the strike point along the ground surface). Sources NOAA. NWS Lightning Safety Page.NOAA. NWS Weather Fatality, Injury, and Damage Statistics (2013, May 6).

Why numbers matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why numbers matter - Essay Example The principles concerned with managing money are important to be taken into account while planning to save or invest money somewhere. To discuss and understand these principles, an article from Msnbc The Bottom Line dated November 06, 2011, ‘After steadying, home prices begin falling again’ has been taken into account which entails the scenario of the United States’ real estate industry. The author of the article tells about the falling prices of homes in the United States which were on a steady trend in the summer of 2011. He says that due to the imbalance between demand and supply, there are numerous houses unsold in many states of the US until the end of September 2011. This price fall is being observed by investors and analysts and they are waiting for these to be bottomed that is a rise is being expected after massive falls, though not in the short term. Considering the poor interest rates of US short term Treasury Bills; 0.005% for 3-months and 0.035% for 6-month bills as per the recent auction; this investment aspect has been kept on a farer side by many investors as the rate of return is minimal. Considering this point, other investment opportunities should be searched for. This shows that it is a nice time to buy some lower priced houses and benefit from the capital gains arising in the future, though not in the short term (Schoen, 2011). Taking control of finances is very crucial and an investor should read about some financial trends using mathematical concepts such as percentages and shares in different investments and then take calculated actions. This leads to the understanding of the compounding concept. Just as an investor determines the amount of investment he or she can do, he must take into account the related rate of return and use it to compound his or her future inflows from the investment over the concerned time period. The simple formula for it to be calculated is: Amount of investment * (1 +

Come up with one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Come up with one - Essay Example The initially presented the basic principles of ethical decision making focusing on autonomy, beneficence, justice and nonmaleficence. Other mini-case scenarios were presented; together with an identification of significant points concerning the concept of advance directives. Then, ethics at end of life situations, particularly, euthanasia were expounded, detailing the three interventions: active, passive and assisted. Other ethical issues that were discussed were research ethics and health care rationing. The information presented from this discourse in beneficial in the current research through the credibility posed by the author as an associate professor of the John Hopkins University and thereby has been exposed and directly involved in addressing ethical issues faced by older patients at the end of life stage. The discourse presented balanced arguments detailing the legality of the issues; considering this as an option for patients in pain; and other reasons for promoting and using euthanasia. The article likewise identified the groups opposing the legalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide as coming from both medical and disability rights groups. The contents of the article are thereby useful for the current research in terms of providing a balanced discourse and presenting updated statistics given the current status of its publication (2011). Other valid and authoritative sites were likewise provided for more information on the subject, as deemed

Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost Essay Paradise Lost, an epic in twelve books, is in several ways one of the most wonderful of the works of men. It is one of those rare works of human genius whose power and beauty are inexhaustible. It was composed by the poet after restoration, in blindness, poverty and obscurity. Yet he produced a poem which alone is enough to give him a place among the poets who are not of one age, but of all ages, not of one country, but of the whole world giving it the genre of an immortal classic. Writing of the influences which shaped Milton’s epic, Verity says, â€Å"We must indeed recognize in Paradise Lost, the meeting point of Renaissance and Reformation, the impress of four great influences; the Bible, the classics, the Italian poets and English literature. †(Verity, 103). In allusion lies one of the chief delights of literature, and we get this delight from Paradise Lost. But the greatness of Milton’s epic lies not in allusions, not in the story, nobly though that illustrates the eternal antagonism of righteousness and wrong, and the overthrow of evil; nor in the construction, though this is sufficiently architectonic; nor in the learning, though that is vast; nor in the characterization, for which there is little scope; not in these things, though all are factors in the greatness of the poem, and in all Milton rises to the height of his argument- but in the incomparable elevation of the style, ‘the shaping spirit of Imagination’ and ‘the sheer majesty of music’. This is well explicated in the description of the flora and fauna of Eden: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. gentle gales Fanning their odoriferous wings dispense Native perfumes and whisper whence they stole Those balmie spoiles. † (IV, 156-159) It is undoubtedly Renaissance that fired his ambition of writing an epic and his choice of its subject fell on the Biblical subject of the fall of man. He preferred the Biblical subject because, says John Bailey, â€Å"it was his belief that every statement in the Bible was literally true† (Bailey, 67). As this was also the belief of his contemporaries, his epic got recognition at once. But the use of Biblical theme hampered his freedom of invention. That is why Books I-IV, where the poet enjoyed comparatively greater freedom of invention, are better written than the other books where his imagination was hampered by his Biblical theme. Paradise Lost is a classical epic, having all the common features of the epics of Homer and Virgil. It is a long narrative poem in XII books, its subject is solemn and grand, and it finds equally grand and solemn treatment. Indeed grandeur and majesty are the key-notes of Milton’s epic. Like the classical epics, it has unity of theme and treatment. There is nothing in it that is superfluous, every episode and incident leads to the central theme – the fall of man and the loss of paradise. Wars and heroic exploits are also not lacking. There is supernatural intervention in plenty. Its characters are mostly superhuman – God and His angels, and Satan and his followers. There are only two human characters, Adam and eve. Indeed, this paucity of human actors, and consequent lack of human interest, is the basic weakness of Milton’s epic. In keeping with the epic tradition, its style and versification is lofty and sublime. Frequent and effective use has been made of Homeric or epic similes. Though Paradise Lost is a classical epic, it also has a number of unique features of its own. A classical epic deals with a subject of national importance, with the war-like exploits of some hero of national stature. The theme of Milton’s epic is vaster and of a more universal human interest than any handled by the poet’s predecessors. It concerns itself with the fortunes, not of a city or an empire, but of the whole human race, and with that particular event in the history of the race which has moulded all its destinies. Around this event, the plucking of an apple, are ranged, according to the strictest rules of the ancient epic, the histories of Heaven, Earth and Hell. The scene of action is Universal Space. The time represented is Eternity. The characters are God and all his creatures. And all these are exhibited in the clearest and most inevitable relation with the main event, so that there is not an incident, hardly a line of the poem, but lead backwards or forwards to that central theme. Like other epic poets, Milton too plunges at once into the middle of his story instead of beginning from the beginning. Thus Book I opens with an account of the Fallen Angels-Satan and his followers- in Hell, and the account of the war in heaven which resulted in that fall is given later on, in the Books V-VIII, along with the account of the Creation of the world. Satan, though defeated and fallen, does not despair. He encourages his followers, a vast hall, Pandemonium, is built, where they hold a conference to decide upon their future course of action. After much discussion it is decided that they would have their revenge upon God by corrupting the newly created man. Accordingly, Satan undertakes a journey to the new world through Chaos, reaches the Earth and the Garden of Eden. In the form of a serpent, he tempts eve to taste the fruit of the forbidden tree. He succeeds in seducing eve, and Adam, despite the warning of God’s angel Raphael, tastes the fruit of the tree of knowledge. He thus commits the Sin of Disobedience. The result is divine punishment. Consequently, there is the loss of paradise and the fall of man. Suffering becomes the lot of man as a result of this original sin. Satan, too, is punished, as he and his followers are transformed into hissing serpents. The central theme of the epic is stated in the very opening lines itself: â€Å"Of man’s first disobedience Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast Brought Death into the World, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat, Sing Heavnly Muse,† (I, 1-6) This fall of man would be used by him to ‘assert Eternal Providence’ and ‘justify the ways of god to man’. Thus Dr.  Johnson said that Milton’s purpose is â€Å"to show the reasonableness of religion and the necessity of obedience to the Divine Law† (Brown, 82). The theme of freedom and independence is also inherent in the epic. Satan is the very embodiment of heroic energy, energy which is constantly expressed in action in his opposition to the will of god despite heavy odds. His words like: â€Å"Better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven† (I, 263) and â€Å"What though the field be lost? / All is not lost! † (I, 105-106) drives home the point very clearly. Characters in Paradise Lost may be divided into four different groups. First of all there are God, His son and His angels; secondly there are the fallen angels, Satan and his followers; thirdly there are allegorical personages, Sin and Death; and lastly humans, Adam and eve. Mark Pattison has rightly said that an enjoyment of Milton’s poetry is the ultimate reward of consummate scholarship. Milton was a very learned poet, and his learning is strewn wide over Paradise Lost. Allusions to classical literature and mythology, to Biblical mythology, and to contemporary literatures of Europe, especially Italian, are abundant and plentiful stumbling blocks in the ways of the readers. The first lines of the first book of the epic has references to â€Å"Oreb† (7), â€Å"That Shepherd (8), â€Å"Siloa’s Brook†, â€Å"Aonian Mount†, etc. proves the fact. Latin constructions, use of words in their original Latin sense, and epigrammatic terseness are other sources of difficulty. That is why the beauty and grandeur of the epic can be enjoyed only after a number of readings. But such readings are fruitful and rewarding. At times the Latin usages give an elusive meaning as in the following passage: â€Å"Soft oppression seis’d My droused sense, untroubl’d though I thought I then was passing to my former state Insensible and forthwith to dissolve. † (VIII, 291-296) More specially the epic similes, more frequent in this epic than in Homer or Virgil, uplift and dilate the imagination, thrill the senses with their range and variety and are a source of great aesthetic pleasure. One of the most noteworthy epic similes from Milton in Paradise Lost is that which deals with the will-o-the-wisp in book IX, Lines 633-42: â€Å"Hope elevates, and joy Brightns his Crest, as when a wandring Fire Compact of unctuous vapor, which the Night  Condenses, and the cold environs round, Kindld through agitation to a Flame, Which oft, they say, some evil Spirit attends Hovering and blazing with delusive Light, Misleads th amazd Night-wanderer from his way To Boggs and Mires, and oft through Pond or Poole, There swallowd up and lost, from succour farr. † (IX, 633-42) Coupled with the sublimity and grandeur of diction, there is sonorous verbal music of Milton. P aradise Lost is written in blank verse, and its handling is superb throughout. Each line consists of five feet and ten syllables, the accent being on the second syllable. Here Milton introduced endless variations in metre, to give music, flexibility and variety to the verse. The use of trochees and spondees and clever manipulation of pauses add to the effect. But the chief peculiarity of Milton’s blank verse is his use of the verse paragraph where the meaning of the line does not end with it but overflows to the next lines. We might have lost faith in Milton’s theology and the story of the fall of man may have been exploded by science, but Paradise Lost will never decay and die. It is an immortal work of art and it will live on by virtue of its manifold poetic beauties.

Grapes Of Wrath: How It Relates To The Romance Archetype :: essays research papers

Grapes of Wrath By John Steinbeck A RETURN TO PARIDISE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does California seem to modern America? Violent. Crowded. Filled with bad people. People who live in cities and have lost touch with the earth. These people are portrayed in John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath as Californians. Yet, people from the Midwest flocked to California seeking prosperity and opportunity. Their land had been taken by the banks and turned into cotton fields. They were left homeless and desperate. These people sought to work in the fields where they could eat a peach or sit under a tree to relax.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But there wasn’t a California as they had imagined. In fact, the world they entered into when they arrived in California was a cold one. The locals excluded the newcomers and forced them to leave. The locals tormented the foreigners, calling them ‘Okies’ and telling them that they are unwanted. There was no work and when there was, the workers were underpaid and forced to work for low wages. California was hell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But John Steinbeck creates this novel to fit the â€Å"romance† archetype. In this archetype, the hero makes a journey, encounters problems in his path which he overcomes, and reaches his final destination. The hero of the novel must be larger than life, strong, and different from others. He must be a natural leader and greatly glorified. The earth resembles the Garden of Eden, or a ‘paradise.’ He must be in touch with the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Grapes of Wrath has many obvious connections to the romance archetype, and many subtle connections. One of the more obvious connections is the journey. The main characters, the Joads, embark on a journey from Kansas to California. In the 1930’s Kansas was in the ‘Dust Bowl’, a part of the Midwest where the land dried up, causing fierce dust storms that could kill people. California, on the other hand, was the beautiful, fertile valley, where people could pick peaches, become prosperous, and eventually buy a house to settle down. The fact that the Joads traveled from a terrible place to a better place fits the romance archetype. This better place they search for is the connection to the earth that they once had in Kansas. They envision that they can find it in California as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The characters show an obvious connection to the archetype. The romantic hero in this novel is Tom Joad. Tom is larger than life.

Why Do We Need Laws

Why do we need laws? The law controls social relations and behavior To satisfy our basic needs and to exploit the full potential of human existence, people have always sought to live in company or society with others, the basis of this existence, by its very nature, must involve social interaction. To ensure the society functions effectively and survives it is necessary to establish norms of acceptable behavior. The state may impose sanctions or punishments on those who fail to comply with these rules.Although these norms are generally accepted by members of the society and are included in the legal order, social interaction will inevitably lead to disputes because of conflicting interests of individuals and groups. It is difficult for groups of individuals to live in perfect harmony. The objective of any legal system will be providing answers to everyday problems that arise. The solutions to such problems must accord with the objectives that are judged by the community to be sociall y desirable. The law tells people what they must do or refrain from doing.Without laws, there would be no code of what is acceptable behavior, without laws, anarchy and chaos would occur society. The law protects individuals and their rights The main focus of the law is to protect the rights of individuals in society. In order to feel safe and secure whether at home or in wider community laws are needed to protect our rights. If a crime is committed against a person, the police will investigate and the offender will be prosecuted through the courts and receive a punishment.Under civil law, if an individual’s rights have been infringed the courts may provide compensation to the individual for the damage they have suffered. The law reflects community values Each society has a set of values and beliefs that are important to the individuals of that society. Laws are needed to protect the values of the community and to reflect the society’s beliefs of what is acceptable and unacceptable. To most societies, an important value is the importance of human life; as a result any actions that harm of interfere with the quality of human life would be against the law.As society changes, it is important that the law also changes to reflect changing values and attitudes in the community. However, there are areas of the law where there are conflicting values within the community some examples include voluntary euthanasia, human cloning and same sex marriages. There has been recent controversial discussions concerning the banning of smoking in private residences due to the impact of smoking on children and pets who share a house with smokers. The law protects society Laws are needed to protect society as a whole from the prospect of danger, harm and fear.Laws ensure society’s safety. The provision of imprisonment under the criminal law protects society by removing the offender from the community for a designated period of time. Penalties imposed by the cour ts can act as a deterrent to the wider community in that the consequences of committing a criminal offence are widely known and people will refrain from committing offences in the future, resulting in the protection of society. Homework: Revise the reasons we read laws Read the media clip p12 and answer questions 1,2,3,4,5

Health Care – Paper

The facility wants to take in as many tenants' as it could without having the patients' wait an extremely long time. Implementing strategies mentioned below will give facilities better reviews from patients' further letting others know about how efficient the staff is about getting patients' seen faster. When a patient comes in to see a doctor for the first time, they are given a stack of papers which gives the doctor, and medical Insurance specialist information on medical Insurance, demographics, medical history, family history, and so on.This Is a process which prolongs the wait time for the new patient. This can easily be fixed by Implementing a strategy to which patient's fill out registration forms online at their own time before the appointment. A way to further this strategy Is to have an upload feature on the practice's website to where the patient can also send copies of the insurance card and ID to the practice. This method can then be scanned into their electronic medical record software.If the patient does not own a computer, or have access to the Internet, they can have the option to have the forms mailed to them. Another strategy to implement on effective patient intake is to have a card system here each card is assigned a patient and once swiped, gives the medical insurance specialist the information on the patient. The patient can either carry the card, or the practice can keep them on hand. Having a card system will ensure patient's Intake process Is fast, as well as the patient being checked out fast.Having a card system will allow a faster way to which a medical Insurance specialist can upload information sent from the patient through the practice's website onto the card system and the electronic medical record software. To improve a doctor's office further, implementing a strategy to where a patient will to be seen if more than 10 minutes late will also improve the time which a patient is seen by a doctor. According to Cootie, Patella, and Gonzalez (2008), â€Å"On-time patients were found to have a longer wait time once in the exam room for the physician than those that were late (14. Ð’Â ± 9. 2 minutes versus 11. 0 Ð’Â ± 8. 4 minutes, P = . 005); however, those patients spent a significantly longer time with the physician† (Para. 1). If patients' are aware of a late arrival, they will be more adept to arriving on time. This strategy will Improve how fast patients' are being seen with the amount of time being pent on each patient. This strategy can be stated In the practice's policies which are given to a patient upon registration and made aware of at that time. There can also come into the office.When a patient comes in and registers at the front office, there are multiple people handling all sorts of tasks, such as answering the phones, checking in patients. Entering patient information and taking patient's to rooms where their pulse, weight, and reason for visit is taken down. Because of these multi -tasters, it is usually difficult to get patient registered fast enough to be seen. For this reason, at a busy office, there should be one person dedicated to registering patients to maximize the efficiency of patient intake.This will also ensure that all information from the patient is accurate. This will also ensure that established patients' information is current and up-to-date. With the implementation of these strategies to improve patient intake, patients' will feel better knowing they can have a visit to the doctor without having to wait a long time. Patients' also look for doctor's practices to where the wait time is short between all processes of intake.

Playing Soccer in Ayso Essay

Playing Soccer in Ayso Essay Playing Soccer in Ayso Essay Dallas Goss Professor X English 101 December 3, 2012 Playing Soccer in AYSO On Saturday mornings all over the country, soccer fields are lined with players, coaches and parents cheering their children and teammates to victory. The seas of blue, green, and yellow uniforms are dotted with referees as the morning passes. The ongoing shouts of the players, the cheers from the parents and the referee’s whistle all combine to create an electric atmosphere. Many of the players on these fields play for AYSO. AYSO is the American Youth Soccer Organization. This is a non-profit organization that is a major contributor in youth soccer. The organization offers soccer to those players that want a less competitive and more affordable way to play soccer. In order to maintain its status, AYSO has developed five philosophies that govern how the organization can register and develop its players and teams. While these philosophies keep AYSO off the more competitive soccer fields, AYSO continues to maintain its place in youth soccer while creating a positive place for players to learn and play soccer. Club soccer teams hold tryouts each year to choose the best players available. This allows them to build strong teams on the competitive fields. Hundreds of player’s try-out for a club team with a fifteen-man roster. They go through a week of practices as the coach watches and picks the players for the team. (Heat) This helps to build a strong team, but it leaves several players with no team to play on. AYSO’s first philosophy does not allow the players to be â€Å"chosen†. Open registration means that any child between the age of four and nineteen can play soccer, regardless of the experience or skill. (AYSO). Players with several years of experience are registered with new players. Unlike the clubs teams, there are not try-outs for regular season play. By eliminating the try-outs, AYSO is able to take the pressure off the players. They are allowed to learn the rules of the game without the fear of not be ing good enough to make a team. On a U10 (under the age of ten) team there may be a nine or ten player roster. The games are played with seven players on each side. This means that two or three players are sitting out at any given time. Most leagues direct the coaches to play all the players during the games, but they are not told how long to play them. Competitive players may only play one quarter while their teammates play the whole game. This means the better players play a lot while the others may not. A current AYSO rule dictates that all players must play half the game before any one player plays the whole game. (AYSO) They do this to make sure that all players get the opportunity the experience play on the game field. After all, it is not fun to attend all the practices and then have to sit out and watch the games because there are other players on the team that have played longer or are more skilled. While the focus of competitive soccer is to win, AYSO focuses on the player and developing their skills while having fun. Competitive soccer is tough. Only the best players are allowed to play. If a child makes a team that is not as strong as other competitive teams they may lose and lose, continuously. There is no way of balancing the teams because each team advertises and recruits separately. They build the best team possible. Once a team is built, they may play together for several years, replacing only those that leave the team. This builds a strong team were the players know their teammate’s strengths and weaknesses. AYSO prides itself in allowing each player a fair chance of winning. In order to maintain the fairest teams possible, AYSO rebuilds its teams each season by balancing the teams according to player ratings. Each season the coaches rate their players and the end of the season. These are simple ratings that rank their skills in five to seven difference areas: dribbling, shooting or control. These ratings are

The Definition of Conduction in Physics

The Definition of Conduction in Physics Conduction refers to the transfer of energy through the movement of particles that are in contact with each other. In physics, the word conduction is used to describe three different types of behavior, which are defined by the type of energy being transferred: Heat conduction (or thermal conduction) is the transfer of energy from a warmer substance to a colder one through direct contact, such as someone touching the handle of a hot metal skillet.Electrical conduction is the transfer of electrically charged particles through a medium, such as electricity traveling through the power lines in  your house.Sound conduction (or acoustic conduction) is the transfer of sound waves through a medium, such as vibrations from loud music passing through a wall. A material that provides good conduction is called a conductor, while a material that provides poor conduction is called an  insulator. Heat Conduction Heat conduction can be understood, on the atomic level, as particles physically transferring  heat energy as they come into physical contact with neighboring particles. This is similar to the explanation of heat by the kinetic theory of gases, though the transfer of heat within a gas or liquid is usually referred to as convection. The rate of heat transfer over time is called the heat current, and it is determined by the thermal conductivity of the material, a quantity that indicates the ease with which heat is conducted within the material. For example, if an iron bar is heated at one end, as shown in the image above, the heat is understood physically as the vibration of the individual iron atoms within the bars. The atoms on the cooler side of the bar vibrate with less energy. As the energetic particles vibrate, they come into contact with adjacent iron atoms and impart some of their energy to those other iron atoms. Over time, the hot end of the bar loses energy and the cool end of the bar gains energy, until the entire bar is the same temperature. This is a state known as thermal equilibrium. In considering heat transfer, though, the above example is missing one important point: the iron bar is not an isolated system. In other words, not all of the energy from the heated iron atom is transferred by conduction into the adjacent iron atoms. Unless its being held suspended by an insulator in a vacuum chamber, the iron bar is also in physical contact with a table or anvil or another object, and it is also in contact with the air around it. As air particles come into contact with the bar, they too will gain energy and carry it away from the bar (though slowly, because the thermal conductivity of unmoving air is very small). The bar is also so hot that it is glowing, which means that it is radiating some of its heat energy in the form of light. This is another way in which the vibrating atoms are losing energy. If left alone, the bar will eventually cool down and reach thermal equilibrium with the surrounding air. Electrical Conduction Electrical conduction happens when a material allows an electrical current to pass through it. Whether this is possible depends on the physical structure of how the electrons are bound within the material and how easily the atoms can release one or more of their outer electrons to neighboring atoms. The degree to which a material inhibits the conduction of an electrical current is called the materials electrical resistance. Certain materials, when cooled to nearly absolute zero, lose all electrical resistance and allow electrical current to flow through them with no loss of energy. These materials are called superconductors. Sound Conduction Sound is physically created by vibrations, so it is perhaps the most obvious example of conduction. A sound causes the atoms within a material, liquid, or gas to vibrate and transmit, or conduct, the sound through the material. A sonic insulator is a material whose individual atoms do not easily vibrate, making it ideal for use in soundproofing.

First aid Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First aid - Case Study Example heart complications and other body malfunctions that do not directly involve the heart; they include such as dehydration, high sea levels, diabetes, and hypertension. Situational fainting entails the loss of consciousness after events such as withdrawal of blood, urination, coughing, and defecation. These activities trigger an involuntary nervous system reaction that slows down the function of the heart leading to dilation of blood vessels in the body. This causes a person to feel weak, sweating and nausea and eventually losing consciousness (First Aid 45). Symptoms of fainting include feeling unsteady and weak, this is followed by passing out that lasts for a short period. However, the period it takes become a victim regains conscious is varies depending on the cause of fainting. Another symptom of fainting is a sudden sticky sweat, difficulty in breathing and nausea. The most common symptom of fainting is blurred visions and a ringing sound in the ears; this is followed by collapsing on the ground. After losing conscious, one may feel confused for almost 30 minutes; the victim may also fail to remember the previous events before they fainted (First Aid for Families 2). Assessment of fainting is done via the help of a theory referred to as FAST, this means Face, Arms, Speech, and Time. Face- the face of the victim looks abnormal, not be able to smile, open their mouth normally, and eyes that are drooped or half closed. Arms- the victim is not able to lift their arms at ease, this is due to feeling of numbness and lack of general body strength. Speech, the victims, show signs of blurred speech; they cannot speak and pronounce words in a normal manner. Time- when all these signs have been assessed, it is time to take the first aid steps or seek professional assistance (Thygerson and Alton 123). 1. If the victim is weak and seems to be about to collapse, try to hold them and assist them to the ground, this is because when people faint, they are not able to

Art History from the Orientalizaing period to the Hellenistic Essay

Art History from the Orientalizaing period to the Hellenistic - Essay Example Nonetheless, the Greek sculptures were presented in nude form. The male sculptures created in this age illustrated no stress on the anatomy of the bone and muscle. This was clearly obvious by the lack of details around the joints, in the knees and also in the arms. Another central trait of the early Greek sculpture was the lack of movement natural stance in the figure. A perfect case in point of an Orientalizing period sculpture is the Kouros, one of the earliest life-size statuary in Greek art history (Palagia 109-111). Unlike contemporary sculptures, the slim waste of the Kouros and its pointed arch of its rib cage create a ridge that takes the form of a v shape. The Kouros does not portray the moving flesh linked with the human body muscle. Similar to other early Greek sculptures, the artwork has almost no motion depiction since the figures are usually standing straight and still. As time passed, the Greeks began to attain more skills and improved techniques permitting them to represent the human body in a better way. On the classical period era arrival, Greek sculptors now had the ability to make the figures more naturalistic. The nude male sculptures were now portrayed in a variety of diverse poses. In the classical period, sculptors devoted a significant part of their focus to exploiting the decorative potentialities of the wind-blown style of interpreting drapery. The Parthenon pediments sculptors had developed this drapery. The two most frequently used materials during the classical period were marble and bronze. However, various grandiose works mostly cult statues were ordered in a method that was known as chryselephantine. The flesh was overlaid with ivory upon a wooden frame and the drapery with gold. It was during this era that artists became acknowledged for their works (Green 6). For instance, Polyclitus, one of the most Greek sculpture influential theorists argued that a figure should possess ideal proportions. He also

Stock Options at eBay Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Stock Options at eBay - Case Study Example With a diverse and passionate community of individuals and small businesses, eBay offers an online platform where millions of items are traded each day. It was started in 1995 with one employee and it has grown to employ thousands of employees today. Any company's future success and profits depend on their employees and the senior management. Even eBay feels that their success was dependant on their key management and their technical staff. As such eBay tries to retain their key personnel officers for the long-term to gain more profits, but they don't have any long term agreements with employees and they don't even maintain life insurance policies on their key employees. eBay attains more profits in land based auction businesses and those are dependent on specialists and senior management as these individuals have established good relations with sellers who transfer property for sale at auction. As the company is growing and the number of employees is also. The company has to attract more people and has to train them and retain them in the company for the long term, particularly the employees who are highly skilled, technical, and m anagerial. Stock options issued by a company allow the employee to buy specific amount of the company's stock at a certain price after a set period of time (the vesting period). Stock options are useful to align the interests of the employee with those of the company. Since the stock options will be profitable only if the company's stock goes up, the employee has incentive to work hard and ensure the success of the company. Also, since the options can only exercised after a certain period of time, the employee has to stay with the company. This promotes employee retention. Furthermore, by giving out stock options, the company can reduce other forms of compensation and reduce its immediate cash expenses. In this way, stock options are a better method of compensation compared to cash or stock. Let's take an example: Let's say you are hired by eBay and they offer you options to buy 10,000 shares of eBay stock at $10 within the next three years. This stock option gives you the right to buy 10,000 shares of eBay stock at exactly $10 after three years. Let's say after three years eBay stock is at $15, you can exercise your stock options, buy 10,000 shares for $100,000 and sell them on them for $150,000 making a $50,000 profit. Now, let's say eBay's price after three years is $5, your options would be worthless. Thus the options incentivize you to work hard to ensure eBay is successful as measure by a stock price greater than $10. Also, you are required to stay for at least three years to profit from your options. From this example, it is clear how stock options align the interests of employees with those of the company and promote retention. The options did not also cost the company upfront. Neither cash nor stock has all these advantages, and hence eBay compensates employees with stock options. Question 2: What are at least four benefits of choosing stock options over other compensation methods Compensation packages are a means by which companies can achieve several different goals related to recruitment,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Design And Build Method Construction Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Design And Build Method Construction Essay While construction contracts serves as a means of pricing construction, they also structure the allocation of risk to the various parties involved. The construction field is a very extensive and unique in each project. In this world most of the projects are managed by contracts. And as a principle to manage the project effectively we should first manage the contracts. The owner has the sole power to decide what type of contract delivery method should be used for a specific facility to be constructed and to set forth the terms in a contractual agreement. A firm has to choose the right delivery method which is project to project base and present its bid offer to the engineer/client during tendering stage to enable it to present competitive price and win the project without compromising the functional and the quality of the project. Choosing the right method to deliver the project will ease the project execution and give flexibility during construction as well as saving money and time for a firm and subsequently the same to the owner. It is important to understand the risks of the contractors associated with different type of delivery methods. In this instant you may ask what the contract delivery methods are and we should choose the right delivery methods. Projects delivery methods. There are three types of project delivery methods. In this section we will concentrate on design and Build because it s the best method for small and medium projects. 1- Tender or design-bid-build method In this type the owner/client will choose engineer to design the whole project and get the Approvals from authorities then floating tender to choose suitable contractor for the Construction under his supervision. In this type of method the client /engineer has full control of the project and the contractor has to comply with full design given by the engineer. Most suitable type of contract for this method is lump sum contract which the price given by the Contractor is fixed and the whole project is already designed and the scope of work is clear and fully detailed. 2-indefinite quantity contract method Under this type of contract there shall be no design and it is based on maintenance or repairing projects. Under this agreement the owner and the contractor will upfront set up prices for the labors and Equipments and markup etc 3- Design and build method. The term design-build refers to a range of alternatives to the traditional project delivery system. A useful way to look at design-build is by what it is not. Traditional design-bid-build is a segmented, sequential process in which the owner first contracts With a design professional to prepare detailed, suitable-for-construction plans and specifications (or Sometimes has them prepared by its in-house engineers), then uses the detailed plans and Specifications to solicit competitive bids for construction, and finally awards the construction Contract to the low bidder. Design-build means a procurement process in which both the design and construction of A project is procured from a single contractor. Usually, the design-build contract is awarded by some process other than competitive bidding Providing the best value (in price, features, functions [and] life-cycle costs) Thus, design-build differs from traditional design-bid-build in two ways. First, the design and construction components are packaged into a single contract. Second, the single contract is not necessarily awarded to the low bidder after competitive bidding I-Why Design-Build? (Advantages) Potential Cost Savings Design-build has the potential to reduce over-all project cost because the design-build contractor performing the design has a better feel for the construction cost of various alternatives, Thus can come up with a design that is less expensive to build and has an incentive to do so. Another way to look at this advantage is that it moves value engineering cost reduction incentive After contract award (with the contractor proposing cost-reduction ideas and sharing the savings with the owner) to pre-award (with the owner enjoying most of the cost savings). B. Earlier Project Completion Design-build may result in earlier completion and occupancy of the project because there is no Dead time between completion of design and start of construction. Further, the design-build Contractor can begin construction of early phases of the project (e.g. mobilization, site utilities, Foundations) before design of later phases (building envelope, interior partitions, HVAC, electrical) Is 100 percent complete? This process sometimes is referred to as fast track. C. Reduced Claims Exposure Design-build eliminates the liability gap. Design professionals can obtain insurance coverage only for negligent errors and omissions, and virtually all design contracts limit the designers liability to such. However, there can be non-negligent errors and omissions, which cost the owner money but for which the design professional is not liable. For example, a design professional may undertake Reasonable subsurface investigations but fail to detect a rock outcropping that will require additional work. In the traditional design-bid-build approach, the owner warrants the correctness of the plans and Specifications to the construction contractor. There can be design mistakes for which the owner is liable to the construction contractor under the Warranty of correctness but cannot transfer the liability on to the design professional. Even when the designer is in fact negligent, proving negligence can be difficult. The owner must obtain a certificate of merit from another design professional and then prove that the designer failed to meet the applicable professional standard of care, which requires expert testimony. On the other hand, the contractor usually can prove there was a defect in the plans that cost the Contractor money based on fact testimony alone. Thus, the owner may have to bear the cost. Design- build eliminates this gap because the design-bid build entity has no one but itself to blame For defective plans and specifications or differing site conditions. D. New Technologies Public Contracts usually prohibits brand-name or model-number specifications unless the Specification lists at least two brand names and is followed by the phrase or equal. This makes it difficult for traditional design-bid-build to reach innovative, proprietary Products where there may be only one brand-name and no equal. Further, substitution of a new or equal product for a standard product often is impracticable Because of the ripple effect. The designer designs the project around current generation Products and substitution of new or equal products after bidding can require revisions to structure, mechanical or electrical components to accommodate the new product. Who is going to pay for these ripple changes? Design-build resolves this problem. The design-build contractor selects the equipment (right down to make and model number) and Then designs the building around the selected equipment, which is a more logical way to proceed. In fact, the design-build contractor can sometimes obtain free design assistance from equipment Manufacturers desiring that their new technologies be used. E. Over-All Project Optimization Design-bid-build can suffer from sub-optimization when individual project participants optimize their own positions, often at the expense of the over-all project. The total cost to the owner of a building element, such as the steel frame, includes the cost of the engineering to determine the required steel sections plus the cost of the steel. The designer has little incentive to use a sharp pencil to achieve the minimum amount of Structural steel; he optimizes his own position by spending only the design time necessary to Ensure that there is enough steel to meet gravity and seismic loads, often by employing Conservative assumptions that may result in more steel than necessary. So, the owner may save money on design but pay for it in steel. With design-build, on the other hand, the design-build entity has an incentive to use the Optimum amount of engineering. As long as an additional dollar of engineering will save more than one dollars worth of steel, the design-build contractor will spend the engineering time up To the point of diminishing returns when an additional dollars worth of engineering saves only a Dollar s worth of steel because both the cost of design and the cost of steel come out of the same pocket. This is not to say that design-build results in flimsy or less-safe structures. More (steel, concrete, etc.) is not necessarily better. Simply specifying extra steel or concrete in one place because the engineer does not have the time or incentive to calculate exactly how much is actually required does not improve the over-all performance of the building. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. If the owner wants a building with higher floor Loadings, less floor deflection or resistance to a bigger earthquake than required by code, then The way to achieve this is by placing that requirement on the design-build entity up front not by Hoping that the designer will throw in some extra steel or concrete because he or she does not have time in the budget to use a sharp pencil. F.Reduced Administrative Burden Design-build may reduce the administrative burden on the owner because there is one solicitation, one award and one contract to administer. G. Earlier Cost Visibility The total cost of the project is apparent earlier with design-build. In traditional design-bid-build, Construction costs are not known until bid opening, and it is possible to spend money on a design that the agency cannot afford to build. All too often, construction bids exceed the budget, and the Project must be re-designed to bring it within the budget, thus delaying completion. H. Agency CM with Multi-Prime Contracts One of the advantages of design-build can be achieved by a construction management (CM) to Manage design and over-all project coordination and then contracting directly with several contractors, which are then managed by the CM. Construction project management s services provided by a licensed architect, registered engineer, or licensed general contractor. Under this approach, the early phases of the project (earthwork, site utilities, and foundations) can be placed under contract before design of the building shell and interior is 100 percent complete, and the structural steel and other long lead-time components can be ordered. Then, the contracts for the early phases can be awarded to follow-on contractors. There are two types of construction managers. An agency CM is a consultant to the owner; an agency CM is not in the chain of privity between The owner and the contractor(s) and does not guarantee the cost of the work. An at-risk CM, on the other hand, essentially is a brokering general contractor. The at-risk CM is either in the chain of privity between the owner and the trade contractors or Guarantees that the aggregate price of the contracts will not exceed some maximum figure. Any individual or firm proposing to provide construction project management services shall provide Evidence that the individual or firm and its personnel carrying out onsite responsibilities have Expertise and experience in construction project design review and evaluation, construction Mobilization and supervision, bid evaluation, project scheduling, cost-benefit analysis, claims Review and negotiation, and general management and administration of a construction project. Which type of contract is better for design-build? Most suitable type of contracts is lump sum contract because the owner has essentially assigned all the risks to the contractor, who in turn can be expected to ask for a higher markup in order to take Care of unforeseen contingencies. Beside the fixed lump sum price, other commitments are often made by the contractor in the form of submittals such as a specific schedule, the management reporting system or a quality control Program. If the actual cost of the project is underestimated, the underestimated cost will reduce the Contractor s profit by that amount. An overestimate has an opposite effect, but may reduce the Chance of being a low bidder for the project. The scope of work, the price, the time of performance is already defined. Usually the contractors include allowance for contingencies in their bid price so the price Small and medium projects are most suitable for this kind of project where is the design is easy not Complicated and can be managed by one party. II-disadvantages The potential advantages of design-build do not come without risk. A. Less Control. Under traditional design-bid-build, the owner has full control over the details of the plans and Specifications and does not publish them for bids until it is satisfied that they reflect its Requirements, including functional and aesthetic preferences. With design-build, the owner gives up some of this control. i.e., advancing the level of design through the design development stage (30 percent or so) before award of the design-build contract. Of course, by doing so the owner may give up some of the advantages of design-build. B. Need for Earlier Requirements Definition With design-build, the owner must lock in its requirements much earlier. With traditional design-bid-build, if the owner is a little fuzzy on its functional or aesthetic Requirements, it can clarify them during the design phase after if sees where the designer is heading. But with design-bid-build, post-award programmatic changes can be very expensive and disruptive. C. Recommendation So, if the city (country) rules are not certain what it wants, traditional design-bid-build may be the better alternative. D. Compliance with Subcontractors The Subletting and Subcontracting Fair Practices Act, requires that bidders list their subcontractors with their bids. This can be a problem for a design-build bidder. Without detailed design drawings, the subcontractors cannot precisely estimate costs. But, listing a subcontractor without a firm subcontract price puts the design-build contractor at a disadvantage in subsequently pricing the subcontract work. A listed subcontractor has the prime design-build contractor over the proverbial barrel. This is a manageable problem for a design-build contractor with many of the same type of projects in an Area, as a subcontractor can only get away with gouging the design-build entity once. Parking garages and housing are good examples of where the design-build entities work with a group of subcontractors on a repetitive basis, and subcontractors can estimate their work on a perspace. or.pre-square.foot.basis. Design-build contractor shall search for competitive bids for subcontracts not listed with its prime bid. The problem with this approach is that it depends on specific legislative authorizations that do not apply to the country. Thus, the safest approach may be to require listing of subcontractors at time of bid, even though this may result in either the subcontractors or the prime design-build entity including some contingency and mark-up. E. Payment bonds Generally it is required a payment bond payable by the terms of the contract. However, when the design services and the construction are procured under a single contract, must the payment bond be in the full amount of the design-build contract or only in the amount of the Construction portion? Logically, it would seem that 100 percent of the construction portion would fulfil the intent of the statute.

Accelerated Reading :: Teaching Education

Accelerated Reading A.R. reading is the new choice of torture among teachers across the Issaquah School District (411). A.R. stands for Accelerated Reading. This is the process in which a student will take a vocabulary test at the beginning of the school year which will be graded. On this grading scale, students receive a reading range in which they are aloud to read books according to their difficulty level. As well as having to read according to what your reading level is, you have to also gain points by taking a test on the book you previously read. The number of points a book is worth has to do with its difficulty. For example; a book with a reading level of 10.5 with 390 pages and a character sizing of 10 point, might be worth 45 points. But a book with a reading level of 2.0 with 15 pages and a character size of 35, might be worth 1 point. In Ms. Hardy’s 4th period class, all students had to earn 60 points, 30 A.R., and 30 not A.R. this counts as 20 percent of your grade. When asked, "What is the point of A.R.?" Mr. Brown, a 7th and 8th grade woodshop and cooking teacher answered, "We love to see you suffer!" Honestly, A.R. really is pointless. Instead of forcing reading onto kids, teachers should make it fun. And teachers might even make it so it doesn’t make or break your grade. If you take the time to think about it, the average reading level is about 8.5. The average point level for a book is about the same, 8.5. The average person reads about two pages per minute, and the average number of pages for an 8 point book is about 300 to 350. Therefor, the average person would have to read about an hour a day, on top of the average amount of homework for each class which is about a half hour per class per day, so this adds up to about 3 to 4 hours of homework a day, not counting projects and studying for tests.